Advanced materials

 Rhenium is a rare, silvery-white, metallic element with the atomic number 75 and the symbol Re. It is classified as a transition metal and is one of the densest elements known to exist. Rhenium was discovered in 1925 by the German chemists Ida Noddack, Walter Noddack, and Otto Berg. It is named after the Rhine River, where its discoverers were from. One of the most significant properties of Rhenium is its high melting and boiling points, which make it an ideal material for high-temperature applications. It has a melting point of 3186°C and a boiling point of 5596°C, making it one of the highest melting and boiling metals. Its high melting point means that it does not soften or deform easily at high temperatures, which makes it ideal for use in high-temperature superalloys and other high-performance materials. Rhenium is also a very dense metal, with a density of 21.02 g/cm³. This high density makes it useful in applications where weight is a critical factor, such as in aircraft and sp

Boron nitride (bn) thin films have gained significant research interest due to their unique properties and potential applications in electronic devices. the article titled "boron nitride thin films for dielectric applications: a review" by v. bharti et al. published in the journal of applied physics in 2018 provides a comprehensive review of various synthesis methods for bn thin films. BN possesses excellent thermal stability, high electrical resistivity, good chemical inertness, and low dielectric constant, which makes it an ideal candidate for electronic applications such as insulation layers, gate dielectrics, and encapsulation layers. the most commonly used synthesis techniques for bn films include physical vapor deposition (pvd) and chemical vapor deposition (cvd). The pvd method includes processes such as sputtering, electron-beam evaporation, and pulsed laser deposition. among these techniques, sputtering is the most widely used and relatively simple technique to synt

Boron Nitride (bn) is a unique material that has attracted significant attention in recent times due to its excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. bn is a compound of boron and nitrogen atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure similar to graphene. in this review, we will discuss the application of boron nitride thin films based on the three articles provided. In an article by K. Watanabe et al., titled "Growth and Characterization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Thin Films," focuses on the synthesis and characterization of high-quality boron nitride thin films using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The researchers used a mixture of boron trifluoride (BF3) and ammonia (NH3) gases as precursors to deposit BN thin films on sapphire substrates. The resulting BN films were highly crystalline and had a thickness of about 50 nm. The researchers also investigated the optical and electrical properties of the BN films and found them to be very promising for optoelectronic

  The photochemical properties of titanium dioxide make it can be used in many fields, such as air, water, and fluid purification. Photocatalysts doped with carbon or other heteroatoms can also be used in sealed spaces or regions with scattering light sources. When used in coatings on buildings, pedestrian slabs, concrete walls, or roof tiles, they can significantly increase the decomposition of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, aromatic hydrocarbons, and aldehydes. Besides, it is widely used in the production of sunscreen, non-toxic, harmless to the human body. Ultrafine titanium dioxide has excellent UV shielding and transparency. It is widely used in cosmetics, wood protection, food packaging plastics, durable household film, man-made fiber, and natural fiber, transparent coating. Because of its special optical effect in the metal flash coating, it has been paid attention to and applied in high-grade car paint.       Principle of super hydrophilicity of TiO2 surface